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“Eliminar spam (publicidad molesta) de tu correo | Gmail o Outlook” plus 1 more

“Eliminar spam (publicidad molesta) de tu correo | Gmail o Outlook” plus 1 more


Eliminar spam (publicidad molesta) de tu correo | Gmail o Outlook

Posted: 11 Jul 2019 08:19 AM PDT

Eliminar spam (publicidad molesta) de tu correo | Gmail o Outlook


Eliminar spam (publicidad molesta) de tu correo | Gmail o Outlook

Posted: 10 Jul 2019 10:40 AM PDT

Hola que tal amigos de youtube, como estan en esta ocacion les traigo la manera de que dejen de llegar mensajes molesto de publicidad promociones a tu correo, es algo muy sencillo de hacer pero los mismos correos te dan muchas trabas, bueno vamos a empezar.


“Geek Trivia: Protest Over Which Video Game, Counterintuitively, Led To More Violent Games?” plus 11 more

Posted: 11 Jul 2019 12:47 AM PDT

“Geek Trivia: Protest Over Which Video Game, Counterintuitively, Led To More Violent Games?” plus 11 more


Geek Trivia: Protest Over Which Video Game, Counterintuitively, Led To More Violent Games?

Posted: 10 Jul 2019 11:02 PM PDT

Protest Over Which Video Game, Counterintuitively, Led To More Violent Games?

  1. Doom
  2. Carmageddon
  3. Grand Theft Auto
  4. Mortal Kombat

Think you know the answer?

How to Get the Right Charger for Your Raspberry Pi 4

Posted: 10 Jul 2019 06:37 AM PDT

The Raspberry Pi 4 Model B.
The Raspberry Pi Foundation

Two weeks ago, the Raspberry Pi Foundation announced the Raspberry Pi 4. It’s a future-proof computer with two Micro HDMI ports, up to 4GB of RAM, and a poorly designed USB-C port that won’t work with some USB-C cables.

The Pi 4 Isn’t USB-C Compliant

USB-C is a universal format. The reason people are so hyped on USB-C is that, unlike other charging cables, it just works. But when a device with a USB-C port isn’t USB-C compliant, it will always run into unexpected problems.

Left: The Pi 4 USB-C Port Schematic, Right: The Official USB-C Port Schematic
Left: The Pi 4 USB-C Port Schematic. Right: The Official USB-C Port Schematic (Click for Large Image).

And, as you’ve probably guessed by now, The Raspberry Pi Foundation didn’t follow the official USB-C guidelines. As reported by Tyler Ward (Scorpia), the Pi 4’s circuit board uses a single 5.1 K ohms resistor for two separate CC pins. This violates the official USB-C guidelines, which mandate that each CC pin is supposed to have its own resistor.

In layman’s terms, the Pi 4 isn’t USB-C compliant. And, as of right now, its noncompliance has only caused one problem: incompatibility with certain USB-C chargers/cables.

The Pi 4 Doesn’t Work with E-Marked Cables

E-marked cables are “smart” USB-C cables usually packaged with expensive devices, like the MacBook Pro. They’re capable of detecting the device they’re plugged into, entering USB-C alt modes, and regulating power.

E-marked cables are supposed to work with all USB-C devices, not just laptops and phones. But because of the Pi 4’s noncompliant design, e-marked cables recognize the Pi 4 as an audio accessory and refuse to put out a charge.

How do you know if a cable is e-marked? Well, you’ll have to check the packaging if you still have it. USB-C cables aren’t labeled as “e-marked” or “not e-marked.” Of course, you could just use the Pi 4 as an e-mark detector or buy a cable guaranteed to work with the Pi 4.

Use “Simple” Cables, Like The Official Pi 4 Cable

A photo of the official Raspberry Pi USB-C cable.
PiShop

The Raspberry Pi Foundation claims that it will fix its USB-C problem in the next revision. But if you’ve already pre-ordered a Pi 4, congratulations! You can’t use e-marked cables with your device. So, what now?

Technically, you can use any “simple” USB-C cable with the Pi 4. That leaves you a lot of options, but we’d recommend sticking with the official Pi 4 cable. The Raspberry Pi Foundation clearly didn’t test a variety of cables with its charging port (otherwise it would’ve known about this issue), so there’s a chance that even some “simple” USB-C cables will have trouble working with the Pi 4.

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How is the New Switch Lite Different from the Nintendo Switch?

Posted: 10 Jul 2019 06:05 AM PDT

Nintendo's new Switch Lite is a smaller, cheaper version of its smash hit console.
Nintendo

After a phenomenal introduction two years ago, Nintendo is doing what Nintendo does and releasing a revised version of its Switch console in September. This one’s a budget version laser-focused on portable gaming.

The Switch Lite will be released on September 20th, with a retail price of $200 ($100 less than the full-sized Switch). Here’s how it’s different from the original.

No Switching: All Portable, All the Time

The most notable change for the Switch Lite is that it doesn’t, well, switch: the signature TV dock is gone, and you won’t be able to add one in with a separate purchase—it’s simply not compatible with the Lite.  Other features designed around shared play, like the flimsy kickstand, have been removed as well.

"Here's the thing you can play on the thing you can't play it on."
“Here’s the thing you can play on the thing you can’t play it on.” Nintendo

Games will run in “portable mode” all the time on the Switch Lite, which might be a good thing for some of them. Sticking to that 720p display instead of running it through USB-C/HDMI will mean better performance on the NVIDIA Tegra-based hardware. Oddly, the USB-C charging port is still on the bottom.

Smaller Body and Screen With Control Tweaks

With that focus on portability comes a smaller body and screen. The Switch Lite is about two thirds the size of the Switch, and its controls are part of the main plastic body (no removable Joy Cons on this one). Since it’s only ever meant for a single player, Nintendo has done away with the mirrored left/right control setup and given the Switch Lite a proper Game Boy-style D-Pad on the left side.

Fighting game fans everywhere thank you.
Fighting game fans everywhere thank you. Nintendo

The touchscreen is just 5.5 inches, .7 inches smaller than the original. That doesn’t sound like much, but consider that we’re in smartphone display territory here: it’s about the difference between the iPhone XS and XS Max. It’s still using a respectable 720p resolution, and presumably, will use the same unfortunately vulnerable plastic construction. The Switch’s integrated brightness sensor is gone, so you’ll have to rely on manual control.

Battery size isn’t mentioned, but Nintendo says it will last a little longer than the original. That’s probably thanks to the smaller screen and singular body—it saves internal space and doesn’t need dedicated batteries for the Joy-Cons.

IR and HD Rumble are Gone

Nearly all Switch games will be compatible with the Switch Lite, in the same way that all 3DS games can be played on the 2DS, and the Lite has access to both cartridge games and downloads from the Nintendo eShop. Storage for games can be boosted with a MicroSD card.

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How to Use Siri to Control Your Apple TV From Your iPhone

Posted: 10 Jul 2019 08:23 AM PDT

Siri
Marina Dehnik/Shutterstock.com

Smart homes are best when controlled using just your voice. Siri can already control your lights, plugs, and more. You can use it to control your Apple TV, too. Here’s how to survive the next time you lose the remote.

Apple knows that when you’re watching TV, you’ve probably got your iPhone nearby. That makes it the perfect remote control, but nowadays nobody wants to push buttons. Voice control is where it’s at, and with Siri, you can choose what to watch and then control it, too. Barking orders at your TV might make you look like a crazy person, but it’s surprisingly fun.

What you’ll need

socks and tv
Tero Vesalainen/Shutterstock.com

There are some prerequisites to consider if you want to make this work. You’ll need to have an iPhone—or iPad, or iPod touch—running the latest version of iOS with Siri enabled. You’ll also need an Apple TV with the latest version of tvOS installed as well.

Now all of your devices are updated, you need them to all be on the same network. That’s a given in most homes but if you’re having problems that’s one gotcha that’s easy to run afoul of.

Finally, your Apple TV has to be set up via the Home app. It also needs to be assigned to a room—Fear not, we’ve covered how to set up rooms before.

How to Use Siri to Play Content

Couple watching TV with popcorn
Stock-Asso/Shutterstock.com

Asking Siri to play content is easy, but you need to make sure you have the phrasing down.

The key is to tell Siri what you want to watch and then where you want to watch it. That might sound obvious, but it’s easy to get muddled. And remember to use the room that you set your Apple TV up in, too.

All commands should begin with “Hey Siri” or by pressing the Siri button on your iPhone.

Some examples of a correctly formatted command are:

  • “Hey Siri, play the latest episode of Chernobyl on the living room Apple TV.”
  • “Hey Siri, play Toy Story on the den Apple TV.”
  • “Hey Siri, play Jumanji on the office Apple TV.”

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Daily News Roundup: AT&T Will Block Robocalls For Free

Posted: 10 Jul 2019 08:22 AM PDT

In a welcome step forward in the fight to put an end to constant robocalls, AT&T just announced it would make its Call Protect service enabled by default for all customers. And even better, the service is free.

Everybody hates robocalls, but solutions to the problem have been few and far between. We’ve said in the past that the best you can do is not answer your phone, but for businesses and hospitals, that’s not a viable option. Even when you can ignore calls, you’ll still often deal with annoying voicemail notifications and the interruption of your phone ringing. We even praised iOS 13 for upcoming changes to help prevent robocalls from bothering you, but it has similar downsides.

AT&T is taking a bold step forward and offering something none of the other major carriers have promised: Free robocall protection on by default for all customers. The company’s Call Protect service works in three stages. It detects and blocks fraudulent calls entirely, it flags telemarketer calls as spam, and it gives you a block list you can maintain.

Some apps like TrueCaller and Robokiller offer the latter two features, but they’re limited in effectiveness and often come with premium paid features. And in fact, Hiya helps power AT&T’s Call Protect Service.

Verizon, T-Mobile, and Sprint, all offer similar tools, but none turn them on by default. And Sprint doesn’t provide any free robocall blocking features currently. Hopefully, they’ll follow in AT&T’s footsteps. [The Verge]

RELATED: Tired of Robocalls? Stop Answering Your Phone

In Other News:

  • IBM now owns Red Hat: We knew it was coming, but now all sales are final. IBM purchased Red Hat, the Linux distribution loved in the enterprise world, for $34 billion. IBM promises we shouldn’t notice a difference, as no leadership changes are coming to Red Hat. At least not yet. [TechCrunch]
  • Instant Pot wants to Instant Fry: The company behind the Instant Pot, the pressure cooker you probably own or want to own, has a new product for your kitchen—an air fryer. Dubbed the Instant Vortex Plus, it fries, roasts, bakes, reheats, dehydrates, and rotates for a rotisserie-style chicken. It will not break. Wal-mart already has it in stock for $120. [Engadget]
  • Nintendo announces a new version of the Switch: Nintendo’s latest console, the lightswitch Switch Light, keeps most of what you loved about the Switch. It’s smaller and lighter, won’t plug into your TV, and the controllers are permanently attached. Meant for portable use only, the console goes for $199.99, about $100 off the original Switch. Nintendo intends to sell both models side by side. [VentureBeat]
  • Wyze cameras gain person detection for free: Until now, Wyze used pixel-based motion detection to notify you of movement. That meant when anything changed, like a bug on the screen or the sun rising, you’d get a notification. Now, Wyze is adding person detection (but not facial recognition) as an option, which should cut down on the extra notifications. Best of all, it’s a free upgrade. [ReviewGeek]
  • Zoom backtracks, promises to patch webcam vulnerability:  Yesterday we reported that Zoom’s software let websites start your webcam without your permission. Zoom called this a feature at first, but now they’re relenting and promise to correct the problem—at least on Mac, no word yet on Windows. [Digital Trends]
  • Logitech unifying receivers are vulnerable to injection attacks:  Logitech’s unifying receivers are convenient. You can connect six different mice, keyboards, etc. to a computer with one dongle. Unfortunately, it also seems the dongle is vulnerable to injection attacks. The slightly good news is, the attackers need physical access to your machine, which makes it harder to pull off. The better news, Logitech promises to fix two of the vulnerabilities. However, Logitech says it will leave two other vulnerabilities in place for now. [Bleeping Computer]
  • YouTube manual copyright claims now require a timestamp: YouTube announced it now requires manually submitted copyright claims to include a timestamp of the offending material. The hope is by pointing directly to the video or audio in dispute the problem can be cleared up in a more timely manner. Makes sense to us. [Android Central]
  • Alexa now provides verified medical advice in the U.K.: Usually, if you ask Alexa anything medically related, she provides information from a variety of unverified sources like WebMD. Now in the U.K. Alexa will pull medical answers from the country’s National Health Service (NHS). That should lead to accurate medical advice while taking some stress off the NHS’s systems. [TechRadar]

Archeologists found two rare boat burials in Sweden. While ship burials are found all over Europe, they were uncommon and typically reserved for people of importance. You can think of it as something similar to the pyramids, on a less grand scale. When ship burials did occur, it wasn’t uncommon to include items of status and even animals.

But water is unkind to archaeology, and the remains of the ships and contents are usually unsuitable for study when anything is found at all. That’s what makes the latest find so exciting. Not only were two ships found, but researchers also discovered the skeletons of an adult male, a horse, and a dog in one of the watery graves.

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How to Disable Touch Screen Feedback Circles on Windows 10

Posted: 10 Jul 2019 07:24 AM PDT

Windows 10 desktop background banner.

Windows 10 provides visual feedback when you tap your touch screen. By default, a transparent circle appears under your finger after you tap. Here’s how to disable these.

To find this option, head to Settings > Ease of Access > Cursor & Pointer. (To quickly open the Settings app, press Windows+I.)

Go to Ease of Access on the Windows 10 Settings pane.

Scroll down to the “Change Touch Feedback” section. Tap the “Show visual feedback around the touch points when I touch the screen” toggle to “Off.”

In the "Cursor & Pointer" pane, tap the "Show visual feedback around the touch points when I touch the screen" toggle to "Off."

To re-enable touch feedback in the future, you can return here and tap the switch back to “On,” any time.

If you’re giving a presentation and you’d like the touch feedback to be more visible, enable the “Make visual feedback for touch points darker and larger” option here. The circles will change from light gray to dark gray. They will also be larger and more noticeable.

Are DVD and Blu-Ray Players Still Worth Buying?

Posted: 10 Jul 2019 03:24 AM PDT

A DVD sitting on the tray in a DVD player, and a remote control on the shelf above.
Proxima Studio/Shutterstock

It’s a fact of life that media formats become obsolete. While we don’t think DVD and Blu-rays are outdated just yet, their future is inevitable. So, is a disc player still worth buying?

Well, if you want a DVD or Blu-Ray player, you might as well buy one. You don’t need anyone’s permission. But if you’re undecided, you might need some reasons why a disc player is worth your hard-earned cash. Lucky for you, there are still plenty of good reasons to buy a disc player.

A Novel Concept: Owning What You Pay for

As physical media slips into the abyss, we’re starting to run into an interesting problem. You can’t own movies anymore. You either pay $12 a month to watch a select library of content that changes every month, or you shell out $15 for access to a specific movie on a particular website (to be fair, Movies Anywhere helps solve this issue). And, as we’ve seen from Ultraviolet’s failure, access to digital content can disappear at a moment’s notice.

If you want to own movies and TV shows, you’re going to need a DVD or Blu-ray player. There are still a few outlets where you can purchase and download movies, but it’s often cheaper to buy the discs. Need an example? A new Blu-ray copy of Aliens is just $11, while a digital license (which might disappear one day) costs $15.

Blu-Ray Quality Is Still Better Than Streaming

By now, most people recognize DVD as a low-resolution format. The highest resolution achieved on DVD is only 720p—less than your average YouTube video. Blu-Ray, on the other hand, supports uncompressed 4K video, along with multichannel, uncompressed audio. Believe it or not, that’s still higher quality than you’ll find on any streaming service.

A messy pile of Disney Blu-rays, including "Up," "Bugs," "Finding Nemo," "Toy Story," and "Ratatouille."
Christian Bertrand/Shutterstock

Sure, services like Netflix and Amazon Video are making a slow crawl toward 4K. But at this moment, most of the video on these websites is still in 1080p—four times smaller than 4K. Additionally, streaming platforms have to compress 4K video and audio to prevent lag and buffering. This compression leaves behind undesirable digital artifacts, like banding and ghosting effects (which, to be fair, you might not even notice).

If you’re obsessed with quality, though, you should pick up a Blu-ray player. We’re not saying you should totally ditch streaming and commit your life to discs, but there’s no harm in going the extra mile for good video and audio—especially for your favorite flicks.

Some Movies Aren’t Streamable

For film buffs and fans of international movies, the age of streaming is a curse. Streaming services seldom offer rarer films or arthouse titles and, when they do, the fun doesn’t last long. This problem extends from the streaming business model, and it makes DVD and Blu-ray players an attractive prospect.

To build up their libraries, streaming sites sign expensive contracts with movie studios and media corporations. But the audience for “artsy” films is narrow. Understandably, Netflix and Hulu aren’t willing to sign expensive contracts for films that will go unwatched, and movie studios aren’t willing to license their movies for cheap (they have to stay in business, after all).

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How to Cross Reference Cells Between Microsoft Excel Spreadsheets

Posted: 10 Jul 2019 06:00 AM PDT

excel logo

In Microsoft Excel, it’s a common task to refer to cells on other worksheets or even in different Excel files. At first, this can seem a little daunting and confusing, but once you understand how it works, it’s not so hard.

In this article, we’ll look at how to reference another sheet in the same Excel file and how to reference a different Excel file. We’ll also cover things like how to reference a cell range in a function, how to make things simpler with defined names, and how to use VLOOKUP for dynamic references.

How to Reference Another Sheet in the Same Excel File

A basic cell reference is written as the column letter followed by the row number.

So the cell reference B3 refers to the cell at the intersection of column B and row 3.

When referring to cells on other sheets, this cell reference is preceded with the other sheet’s name. For example, below is a reference to cell B3 on a sheet name “January.”

=January!B3

The exclamation point (!) separates the sheet name from the cell address.

If the sheet name contains spaces, then you must enclose the name with single quotation marks in the reference.

='January Sales'!B3

To create these references, you can type them directly into the cell. However, it is easier and more reliable to let Excel write the reference for you.

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How to Check Your Hotel Room for Bedbugs

Posted: 10 Jul 2019 01:00 AM PDT

Door of a hotel room opening to reveal the bed.
Sompetch Khanakornpratip/Shutterstock

Hotels sometimes host things other than guests—like things that creep in the night! What’s lurking in your dark hotel room? It could be bedbugs. Here’s how to spot them and make sure they don’t hitch a ride home with you.

What are Bedbugs?

Before you can start looking for bedbugs, you need to know what they are. Since they like to hide during the day and come out at night, you probably won't see them unless you know what to look for and where to look.

If you do find a bedbug, it will look kind of like an apple seed—they’re the same size with oval bodies. Bedbugs are brown, but they become more reddish after feeding on human (or animal) blood. These creepy little crawlers don't fly, but they do move quickly and can travel across the ceiling just as fast as they can on the floor.

How to Check Your Hotel Room

The first thing you need to know when it comes to staying at a hotel or motel is how to check for bedbugs. Before you even enter your room for the first time, you need to be prepared.

Keep Your Luggage Away from Hot Spots

Leave your luggage in the hallway or put it on the luggage rack or in the bathtub. These are all unlikely places for bedbugs to be. They tend to hang out in and around the bed, where they can feed on you while you're sleeping.

Examine the Mattress and Furniture

Your next step is to look for signs of bedbugs in and around the bedding and furniture in the room. Look under the sheets and between the blankets. Check under the pillows, inside the pillowcases, and under the mattress. When they aren’t feeding, bedbugs are excellent at hiding, so you need to lift the mattress and look in all the cracks and crevices on the furniture. A good penlight is invaluable in this situation.

Mature bedbugs and droppings along the lining of a piece of furniture.
Hawaii Department of Health

The eggs, nymphs, and adult bedbugs are all visible to the naked eye without magnification, but you’re also looking for evidence of their presence. During the day, you're more likely to see exoskeletons left behind by the bugs and rust-colored spots from their excrement. In the photo above, you see both an adult bedbug and the markings you can expect to see on absorbent surfaces, like the mattress and the lining of stuffed furniture.

Check any upholstered furniture. If it's difficult to see into the furniture or under mattresses, use a flashlight (most smartphones come equipped with a flashlight app).

What to Do If You Find Bedbugs

If you brought your luggage in, move it out into the hallway. Head to the front desk and let them know you found signs of bedbugs. It's common, so they'll usually be understanding.

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How to Back Up Your Linux System

Posted: 10 Jul 2019 05:00 AM PDT

External hard drive plugged into laptop via USB
Yuriy Seleznev/Shutterstock.com

Don’t risk data loss. Back up your valuable data from the Linux command line. We’ll be using the rsync command for this, and we’ve even found some nice optional graphical interfaces for it.

There are many ways to accomplish making a backup copy of your files. We wanted to show you a robust, flexible, and reliable way to protect your data. We choose rsync because of its well-respected algorithms that calculate the differences between files in the source directory and the target directory. Only the differences between two versions of a file are transferred, not the whole file if that can be avoided.

When this efficiency is paired with its solid track record in performing file copies and directory synchronizations since the mid-1990’s, rsync is a perfect candidate for creating backups from the Linux command line.

Additionally, there are independent software programs that act as a front-end for rsync. They provide graphical user interfaces (GUIs) to rsync which some people may find easier to use.

The simpler and faster it is to make a backup, the more likely you are to do so.

Using rsync With an External Hard Drive

To make a backup copy of your data to an external hard drive, the hard drive must be mounted and accessible to you. If you can write to it, then so can rsync. In this example, an external USB hard drive called SILVERXHD (for “Silver eXternal Hard Drive”) is plugged into the Linux computer. It has been auto-mounted by the operating system.

You will need to know the path to the drive. In GNOME, open the Nautilus file browser and locate the name of the drive in the sidebar.

Hover the mouse pointer over the name of the external drive and a tooltip will show you the path to the drive.

tooltip for an external drive

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Eufy’s RoboVac 15C Max Is the RoboVac to Buy

Posted: 10 Jul 2019 01:00 AM PDT

The Eufy RoboVac 15C Max.
Andrew Heinzman

At $280, the RoboVac 15C Max is just $10 more than the 11S Max. Aside from smarthome integration and detailed scheduling, these vacuums are identical. However, smarthome integration and detailed scheduling are well worth the extra $10.

When I say these vacuums are identical, I mean it. Like the 11S Max, the 15C Max has 2,000 Pa (pascals) of suction power, which is an upgrade from previous RoboVac models. It has corner brushes for cleaning the edges of walls and furniture, an extra-large dustbin (20.5 oz.), an advanced dust filter, and a 100-minute battery life. The 15C Max is even the same width and height as the 11S Max.

For just $10 more than the 11S Max, the 15C Max is a no-brainer. It’s also one of the best robotic vacuums in the $200-$300 price range.

Easy Setup and Smarthome Integration

The 15C Max is easy to set up. It comes in basic, well-organized packaging, and the instructions are easy to follow. Although, anyone could set up the 15C Max without instructions—just set it down on the floor and start vacuuming.

One of the 15C Max’s biggest selling points is its smarthome integration. You can control it via the EufyHome app (iOS, Android), Alexa, or Google Assistant. It also comes with a handy remote control, which, while it doesn’t offer the same robust controls as the EufyHome app, is easy to use.

The EufyHome app, Google Assistant commands, and "Schedules" menu on phone screens.
You can control the 15C Max via the EufyHome app, Alexa, or Google Assistant.

To connect the 15C Max to the EufyHome app, you open the app, hold a button on the RoboVac, and they pair automatically. The EufyHome app’s interface makes scheduling a breeze. You can schedule the RoboVac to clean any day of the week, at any time. You can also skip certain days of the week (I set it to clean every other day). This is a significant upgrade from the 11S Max’s scheduling feature, which doesn’t allow you to set different cleaning times for each day of the week.

Once it’s paired with the EufyHome app, you can, of course, connect the RoboVac to Google Assistant or Alexa. It then works as you’d expect. You can ask the RoboVac to start a cleaning cycle, go back to its charging dock, or make beeping noises (like the noises from a microwave) if it’s stuck under some furniture. You can’t set schedules through Google Assistant or Alexa, but really, that would be more time consuming than just opening the EufyHome app. You can set the RoboVac up with some routines, but it doesn’t work with If This, Then That (IFTTT), which would have been a nice addition for smarthome fiends.

This Thing Can Really Suck!

Another of the RoboVac 15C Max’s biggest selling points is its 2,000 Pa of suction power. This is almost double the power of the standard 30C, but it’s still a lot less suction power than a traditional vacuum, which operates at around 20,000 Pa.

However, I didn’t notice a difference; maybe because the 15C Max moves across the floor more slowly than a traditional vacuum, it picks up the same amount of junk. I’m always impressed when it runs over a pile of catnip and leaves behind a clean patch of carpet. And, like a regular vacuum, it leaves satisfying streaks on the floor.

The 15C Max doing its job.
The 15C Max doing its job. Don’t interrupt it!

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Why Does Windows Still Use Letters for Drives?

Posted: 10 Jul 2019 03:40 AM PDT

System drive C: shortcut on a Windows 10 desktop

Windows typically assigns your system drive the letter C: and gives different letters to other storage devices. That’s unusual—macOS and Linux don’t use letters. Windows can access drives without letters, so why does it use them?

Where Do Drive Letters Come From?

C: and D: drive letters in a Command Prompt window.

Like many things in Windows—such as, how it uses backward instead of forward slashes—drive letters date back to the days of MS-DOS (in fact, even a bit earlier). This is the reason the Windows system drive uses the letter C:—A: and B: were reserved for floppy disk drives.

Drive letters were carried over to MS-DOS from CP/M, an older operating system. They offered a way to access logical and physical storage devices containing files. To access a file named README.TXT on the second floppy disk drive, you’d just type B:README.TXT.

The need for drive letters is apparent on the command line. If there were no drive letters, how would you quickly specify paths to files on different devices? This was the system MS-DOS inherited, and Microsoft has stuck with it since.

While drive letters might seem less important now that we’re using graphical desktops and can simply click on icons, they do still matter. Even if you only access your files through graphical tools, the programs you use have to refer to those files with a file path in the background—and they use drive letters to do so.

RELATED: Why Windows Uses Backslashes and Everything Else Uses Forward Slashes

The Unix Alternative: Mount Points

Drive letters aren’t the only possible solution, however. Apple’s macOS, Linux, and other Unix-like operating systems use a different method of accessing different partitions and storage devices.

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Dress with turtle neck:    HERE   o   Bag:   MICHAEL KORS   o   Heels:   MOSCHINO   o    Hat:   CLICK    o   Ring:  YES     o   Shades:   MISSONI   Sukienka z golfem:    KLIKNIJ TU   o   Listonoszka:   MICHAEL KORS   o   Szpilki:   MOSCHINO   o    Kapelusz:   KLIK    o   Pierścionek:  YES     o   Okulary:   MISSONI   Cześć kochani, wreszcie mam to za sobą, udało się! 17 czerwca obroniłam tytuł magistra i z czystym sercem mogę do Was wrócić na 100 procent. To nie oznacza jednak, że od teraz będę leżeć do góry brzuchem przede mną finalizacja ogromnego projektu nad którym pracuję już od 6 miesięcy, o czym opowiem Wam już wkrótce. W między czaie, wszystkich Ślązaków zapraszam na wystawę wieńczącą nasze dyp...

WINE.

Coat:  VINTAGE  o   Skirt:   HERE   o    Blouse:  ZARA  o   Wedges:  & OTHER STORIES         o  Clutch :   DKNY     o    Shades:  dior  o   Nails:   HERE       o    Earrings & ring: FRUIT BIJOUX Płaszcz:  VINTAGE  o   Spódnica:   TUTAJ   o    Bluzka:  ZARA  o   Koturny:  & OTHER STORIES         o   K opertówka:   DKNY     o    Okulary:  DIOR  o   Pazury:   TUTAJ       o    Pierścionek & kolczyki: FRUIT BIJOUX Tym razem na celowniku kolejny z odcieni sezonu Pantonte - burgund, czyli innymi słowy - winna czerwień. Cały look, jak za pewne zuważyliście utrzymany jest w modernistycznych klimatach, w przeciwieństwie do poprzedniego w odcieni...